Naghshe Jahan square is one of the famous historical square in the world, which has many outstanding features from the perspective of architecture and urnban design. looking at the historical records indicates that one of the strengths aspect of this square in the Safavid period was Climatic Comfort that was provided by considering special criteria in its design procedure. The historical transformations has changed the aformentioned situation and reduced the Climatic Comfort quality of the square. In this article, we are trying to represent primary and original situation of the square from this perspective. Furthermore, several methods which used to provide desirable Climatic conditions in Square in Safavid period are analyzed. Research approach is historical-Analytical and based on documents, transcripts, historical images, and field work of the square and its surrounding zone. The results indicate that the design of the square in Safavid period had made desirable Climatic conditions which provided by the right physical-spacial composition including enclosed facade and the indoor bazar and also the use of natural elements such as running water and tree. However, in the late Safavid era and after that, favorable Climatic conditions in this Square is gone. because of undue interference and disregard of the nature. In the present state because of historical changes, some former factors of climate Comfort including trees and creek flows, have lost their former function And alternative factors such as lawns have been replaced that are not historical.

Abstract Purpose and background: Urban climates are distinguished from less developed areas by differences in air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and rainfall. These differences are largely attributed to the alteration of the natural terrain through the construction of structures and artificial surfaces. This research aims to examine the content of selected documents in the context of Saunders’s research to understand research gaps. Methodology: The current study is practical in terms of its philosophical orientation and descriptive in terms of its exploratory nature through the integration of studies related to the research question. In order to achieve this goal, the simultaneous combination method and classification of climate issues in cities were used to combine the qualitative findings of previous studies using the meta method. Findings: The coded data analysis philosophy is mostly positivist and hybrid. In the analysis, the research approach is deductive and hybrid, respectively. Also, in examining the research strategy layer, most of the case studies were descriptive and surveyed. Conclusion: The lack of attention to some urban areas in the reviewed documents is one of the basic shortcomings of this area because economic, social, and functional issues and even the image and urban landscape are very vital factors in the field of urban climate, along with software developments in the field of analysis and collection tools, as well as the correct use of quantitative and qualitative methods, they should be dealt with and given an appropriate response.

Effect of Climatic parameters in human Comfort is very high. this research want to analysis weather of Tehran.the aim of this research recognize best region for human Comfort in Tehran and because center of big city is polluted for this reason we only pay attention to this region. Parameters of human Comfort that most effect rainful, temperature, humidity and speed of wind.we used census of 8 Climatic station per day in this research and we use software for eduction abundance percent of parameters. in next stage we used A.H.P model and make matrix chart and we got best number of Climatic parameters. When we analysis parameters and census we understand that in summer north of Tehran is better and in winter south of Tehran and 50%favourableness for this region is in north and decrease in south.

While modern scientific developments in Climatic design field determine rules and regulations for providing Comfort in any region, they do not consider physical and temperamental differences among people residing in these different climates. This leads to the proposal of an identical Comfort zone for all human beings in all the different climates. While in the traditional architecture, the Climatic rules for each region were shaped by the deep relation between the human population and the environment of the region. The main objective of the current study is to compare the conditions of environmental Comfort in modern and traditional architectures using the Giovanni Comfort model and to propose four different temperamental models for adjusting Climatic Comfort based on different temperaments and humors. The current study uses an analytic-inferential method. In this study, at first we introduce and discuss the principles of traditional medicine about the temperamental Comfort of human beings in four different temperamental and Climatic regions and based on these discussions four different cities; namely, Amol, Bushehr, Ardebil, and Kashan, are chosen for the analysis. In these cities, Giovanni instructions for providing Comfort are analyzed. Based on the findings and by analyzing the Giovanni charts and the temperamental characteristic chart it is concluded that based on the principles of the traditional medicine, in cold areas, the cold tolerance threshold is lower and in hot regions, hotness tolerance threshold is higher. This is because of the consistency and coordination between the individuals’ temperaments which reinforces the temperamental ability of people in that region. Considering the provision of temperamental health temperature, four charts based on four climates are proposed.

In this Survey, the Climatic Comfort conditions of Tabriz megalopolis have been examined with regard to the thermal sense of people. The evaluation of the thermal conditions has been made based on the calculations which are based on the human energy balance, and has been made for recognizing lack of Comfort against the hot or cold weather for the people walking outdoors with suitable clothing. Hot and cold hours are defined depending on the extent and duration of thermal disComfort against the cold and warm conditions. Major methods used in this study are American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard 55-2004 Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) method and it's put out to Givoni psychometric diagram. This is possible using hourly data for analyzing of monthly, seasonal and total 44 yearly (1961-2004) study period. Achieved results shows that maximum hourly rate of Climatic Comfort centralizations located in August, July and September months and minimum hourly rate of Climatic Comfort is in November, December, January, February and March months. From consecutive Distribution of months of the highest Climatic Comfort point of view, thermal period of April to October to have highest rates of hourly Climatic Comfort and while November to March period have not Climatic Comfort hours. From the view point of seasonal distribution of Climatic Comfort hours, summer with total mean of 989 hours and 64 percent seasonal distribution has allocated itself the most Climatic Comfort hours of Tabriz, after that, spring with 437 hours has 28 percent of seasonal distribution of hourly Climatic Comfort. Autumn with 123 hours and 8 percent of the seasonal distribution of hourly Climatic Comfort is located in next Place and winter has no role in seasonal distribution of hourly Climatic Comfort in Tabriz and total hours of winter season of Tabriz are disComfort hours.The total mean of Climatic Comfort hours of Tabriz in Statistical period shows 1549 hours from total 8760 hours that it shows 17.7 percent relation of Climatic Comfort hours to Climatic disComfort hours in Tabriz. This means that in 82.3 percent of cases, for Creating balanced climate with human physiological conditions, energy shall be consumed, which in addition to the Expense, requires professional issues.

Tourism is a major part of the global economy which is heavily affected by weather. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the Climatic conditions of a region in terms of the physiological Comfort of tourists and to determine suitable periods for tourism elements, including planning, implementation and stay of tourists, especially in the hot and dry climates of the south of the country. In this study, we examined the spatial-temporal distribution of tourism Comfort climate along the southern coastal regions of Iran in four provinces: Khuzestan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Sistan and Baluchestan, which are among the major ecotourism destinations. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature, aimed at examining Climatic conditions and determining suitable times for tourism along the southern coasts of Iran. According to the results of tourism climate index during the years 1990-2022, the most favorable weather conditions for tourism in the region are in \months of November, December, December, February and March. In addition, the results of the neurotic pressure index showed that the most favorable time for tourism in the southern coasts of Iran can be seen in the months of November and March, and the results of the effective temperature index also indicate that the most suitable The months for tourists to visit this area are November, December, February and March. Therefore, among the studied indicators, the favorable and common months for tourism can be seen in November and March. The results of the present study, considering the Climatic conditions of the southern coasts of the country, help decision makers and tourism planners to determine the optimal time for tourism and the presence of visitors in this region by choosing the appropriate climate index. It also improves our understanding of the correlation of the tourism climate index with the time of presence and the number of visitors during different months of the year in the region so that managers can make more informed decisions and plan appropriately in order to implement the sustainable development of tourism in this region.

According the close relationship between climate and tourism, tourism organizations should consider the bioClimatic potential of areas in future planning and designs. In this study, to recognize the potential of of tourism climate in Chabahar Free Zone, bioClimatic indices such as Terjung, Heat Index, humidex, stress, effective temperature and Baker were used.In this regard, meteorological data of Chabahar station that is located in the free zone, for the period 1981 to 2010 were used.The results showed that in the area, the months of January, February and December have the most Climatic Comfort for tourism and all models confirm the desirability of these months. According to most of the models, in this station the months of May, June and July have an unfavorable Comfort conditions for tourists and travelling is not recommended during these months.

Nowadays regional managers and experts use bio-Climatic conditions as an efficient tool in order to recognize critical points and guide development activities to low-risk areas for ensuring investment Value Added in the best state of urban, development, residency, architecture and tourism. Therefore in this article Yazd city has been assessed on the basis of Becker, Truing, Thermohigrometeric and olgyay indices using synoptic data of Yazd station during 1995-2007. Obtained results show that there are various ranges of bio-Climatic conditions from extreme hot to very cool in the area. Also olgyay index has been selected as the best index for determination of Comfort limits in the study area that it has been predicted with conformity ability for fewer than 40o latitudes.

Today optimal utilization of actual and potential facilities and capabilities of each territory in terms its objectives is one of the main local, national and international concerns. A strategy which has recently been considered in many countries, is tourism development in disadvantaged areas with potential for tourism development. If ecotourism is planned appropriately,  it can be a starting point for achieving sustainabile development in the least developed areas. Hashilan wetland because of its biodiversity, numerous tourist attractions, animal and plant lives and other attractive natural phenomena is an important place in the western part of Iran. Human Comfort condition includes a teperature which is appropriate for at least 80 percent of the population. Under such a condition, human organism can maintain its existing temperature balance in the best form, without being either deficient or using excessive energy. In the present study, the environmental factors which affect human Comfort, daily air temperature in Celsius, the average wind speed in meters per second, as well as the relative humidity percentage in Kermanshah stations were used. The obtained data were related to the period from 1981 to 2017. The results showed that thermal Comfort in Hashilan wetland was based on the models. The Psychological Pressure Index, Baker, and Wind Chill Index show that the four months from December to April because of the cold weather, and Climatic conditions lack Comfort in the Hashilan wetland. Considering the results, it can be confirmed that the use of an index alone is not enough for developing Climatic Comfort.